Keywords

Peptide,Absorption,Tissue Utilization

Abstract

Existing studies have confirmed that the digestive tract absorption mechanism of small peptides is different from amino acids. The absorption mechanisms that have been discovered include osmosis and diffusion, intermediate carrier transport, and channel penetration absorption. Among them, there are two types of intermediate carrier transport and absorption of small peptides: (1) Relying on the H+ concentration gradient across the membrane, the H+/peptide co-transporter transports the molecular peptide into the absorbing cell and is accompanied by the absorption of two H+, while The H+ concentration gradient across the membrane is maintained by the energy-consuming Na+/H+ exchanger. The H+/peptide co-transporter and the Na+/H+ exchanger are functionally independent; (2) The transport of peptide intermediate carriers depends on the transmembrane Cation concentration gradient, and divalent cations have a higher absorption-promoting effect than monovalent cations. Glutathione is known to be transported via a second transport mechanism. The rumen and omasum have strong ability to absorb small peptides and may be the main sites for peptide absorption in ruminants. However, the results of relevant studies are quite different, which is related to the large measurement error of the arteriovenous difference method. Not much is known about the utilization of body tissue peptides. Existing studies have shown that body tissues can utilize small peptides. The process is that the peptides absorbed by the tissues are degraded into amino acids in tissue cells, and then used for protein synthesis and catabolism.

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