Keywords

Momordica Charantia Total Saponins, Type 2 Diabetes, Blood Sugar, Mechanism, Glucose Transporter 4

Abstract

Objective To explore the hypoglycemic mechanism of total saponins of Momordica charantia on type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: 60 clean-grade male SD rats were selected, 8 were randomly selected as the normal control group, and the rest were fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks and then injected with low-dose streptozotocin (stz) into the tail vein to establish type 2 diabetes. Rat model. Forty qualified rats were divided into a model group, a metformin group and three doses of total saponins groups of Momordica charantia, with 8 rats in each group. In addition to the normal control group and the model group, rats were given 50 mg/(kg?d) of metformin and 100, 200, and 400 mg/(kg?d) total saponins of Momordica charantia by intragastric administration for 8 weeks, and then the fasting blood glucose and insulin indexes of the rats were measured respectively. At the same time, pancreatic islets, liver and skeletal muscle were collected, and the islet ¦Â cell structure, liver glycogen and skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (glut4) expression were observed using electron microscopy, glycogen staining and western blot. Results After 8 weeks of administration, compared with the type 2 diabetes group, the fasting blood glucose and insulin values of rats in the total saponins group of Momordica charantia were significantly reduced, while the expression of glut4 in skeletal muscle was significantly increased, insulin secretion granules were significantly increased, and glycogen granules were significantly increased. The number has also increased significantly. Conclusion Momordica charantia total saponins have hypoglycemic effects, and its mechanisms mainly include promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis, inhibiting hepatic glycogen decomposition, and increasing insulin sensitivity by enhancing glut4 expression in peripheral tissues.

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Original research done by Ma Chunyu, Yu Hongyu, Wang Huijiao, Geng Lijing, Guan Hongquan

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